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E 0274 DUGUD
The Old English word "dugud" is of Germanic origin .
H 0311 ל ג ד
Concept of root : virtue
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Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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ל ג ד
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dagal
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to have
virtue, distinction
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Related English words
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Old English : dugud
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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ל ג ד
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dagal
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to have virtue,
distinction
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d . g . l <
*d .
g
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Old English
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dugud
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virtue, quality
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d . g . (d)
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Dutch
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deugen;
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deugd
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d(eu)ghen;
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d(eu)ght
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to have virtue, quality; virtue, quality
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d . g (d)
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Hebrew *DAGAL < *DAG, *DOG --- *DUG Proto-Germanic
The main difference between the two languages lies in the fact that Hebrew has a third consonant, the L. But it also has the roots "
ד
ג
ה , D G H" " of entry E 0364 (Hebrew 0310) saying " to proliferate", and "
ד
ג
ם , D G M" for "exemplary". Consequently the L has been added in diversifying meanings on the basis of an original root " *
ד
ג , D G". And this may have been used with a central vowel " O ", probably short.
Note:
- Hebrew. The main use of this root "D.G.L" is seen around the concept of the word " degel" that stands for "standard, flag, banner". But in verbal forms like the intensive form "diggel" and what should be the causative form "hidgil", oddly both saying : "he glorified, praised", there is a semantic connection with the concept of "flag, banner.
Especially in Medieval Hebrew one finds in these verbal forms like the intensive form "diggel" and what should be the causative form "hidgil", messages as presented in this entry confirmed: " to adorn, praise, glorify".
Note:
- Proto-Semitic. Regretfully, besides Hebrew we have no information on which to base a hypothesis. A similar root with the very different meaning " to deceive, cheat" is found in Hebrew, Aramaic and Syriac and this also has a cognate "D Y L" in Arabic. In Akkadian a root " D G L " says " to look at, gaze, sight". Semantic relations would be wide off .
Yet the picture from Hebrew is clear enough to hypothesize for Proto-Semitic the abovementioned original two consonant root " *
ד
ג , D G". And as so often is the case with older root, between the two consonant there may have been a central vowel " O ", probably short.
Note:
- Old English pronounced the final D in " dugud " more like the TH in "the". Also here the
final D was not part of the original root, but has been added later.
Note:
- Dutch in Middle Dutch had "doget" with the verb "dogen". Also Hebrew may have had, as in entry E 0408 (Hebrew 0309) , an older version with an O-sound. But this is just guessing and anyhow not fundamental for the assumption of a relation between the Hebrew and Germanic roots.
The final D is a suffix and not a part of the root of "deugd" .
Note:
- Proto-Germanic. In Germanic languages we find the following verbal forms: Gothic "dugan , dōg", Old English "dugan, dēag" ( the "EA" is a development out of Ō), Old High German "tugan, toug (T developed out of D)", Middle Dutch "dooghen, dooch", Old Norse "duga". Proto-Germanic probably had "D U G-.
Note:
- Indo-European.
There are some proposed cognates outside Germanic, such as Greek : "τυγχανω, tünkhano = I hit with success", which seems to indicate "virtue, quality". But this is misleading, as the basic meaning of the root is quite different:"luck, good chance, accident", nearly in full contrast with "virtue, achievement". It is present in the noun "τυχη, tükhè = case, lot, destination, good luck, divine will". So this is not a cognate.
Words like Old Irish " dúal =suitable" and Lithuanian "daug = much" are too far off in meaning to justify a hypothesis.
Consequently our comparison is with Proto-Germanic, that as so often is nearest to Hebrew.
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| Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 15/10/2012 at 11.03.41 |
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