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E 0360 GATHER
The word " gather " is of
Germanic origin .
H 0347 ד ד
ג
Concept of root : gathering
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Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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ד ד ג
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gadad
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to
gather, assemble
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Related English words
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to
gather
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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ד ד ג
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gadad
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to gather, assemble
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g . d . d <
* g . d .
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Old English
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gaderian
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to gather, assemble
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g . d . (r)
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English
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to gather
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to gather
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g . th . (r)
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Middle Dutch
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gaden, gaderen
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ghaden,
ghaderen
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to assemble, pair, get
together
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g . d ;
g . d . (r)
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Proto-Semitic *GAD --- *GAD- Proto-Germanic
The Hebrew word "gadad" is the result of the doubling of the second consonant of an older root ""*G D", without change of meaning. English "gather" and the second Middle Dutch word "gaderen" are intensified or frequentative versions of the older word we still see in Middle Dutch "gaden". Already Old English used only an intensive form of this verb in "gaderian".
This entry is related to number E 0361 (Hebrew 1046), and perhaps also to number E 0016 (Hebrew 0014).
Note:
- Hebrew. The root " G . D . D" is also present with the meaning of " to cut". For the semantic development it is useful to make a comparison with English "section", that comes from Latin "secare = to cut" . Then we must note that in Hebrew a root in which the second and third consonant are identical, usually has developed out of an earlier two consonant root, in this case "*G . D". See our entry E 0223
(Hebrew 0348). This root perhaps should have been quoted without the *, as it may be recognized in the word "gadą = (steeply cut) bank of a river". This word has indeed the root " G . D" and is followed by a younger sister with the extended root "G . D . D : " giddud", that in Post Biblical Hebrew stands for "steep embankment"!
Note:
- Hebrew. There is still another very interesting and in Hebrew less common development to be seen regarding this root. Hebrew , in Post Biblical language, ( but it may have been present earlier as well) shows a nasalization into "G . ND", in the word " ד ה נ ג , gunda, = troop, band of soldiers ". This same word is found in Aramaic, and there is a sister " jund " in Arabic ". Nasalization, the inserting of an N or sometimes M, is much more frequent in Indo European tongues.
Note:
- Proto-Semitic. It is not easy to reconcile, and it should not be the scope of this neutral investigation, the two similarities of old Semitic ""ג ד , G . D " in this entry and entry E 0223 (Hebrew 0348) , respectively with Germanic "G a D eren" and English "C u T".
Interesting is to note that in Akkadian "gadadu" the root "G D D" is used to say " to separate", with Arabic "jadda" saying "to cut off". Akkadian "gududu" with the extended root "G D D" also expresses "marauding band", while Syriac "gud, gudą " just says "troop, band", thus a "gathered group of men". Notwithstanding the semantically interesting comparison with English " section", the probability on basis of the available information is that there were in Semitic two or even three identical separate roots "*ג ד , G . D ", both already alive in Proto-Semitic. In this case we would not surmise that two opposite meanings have been served by one and the same root, as occurs with concepts like "to come" and "to go".
Note:
- Dutch and German with respectively "gade" and "Gatte" have a related word , based on one of the messages of Middle Dutch "gaden". They say "spouse", those who form a pair.
Note:
- English " TH " in "gather" is like in "the", a newer form of the original D, that was still present in Middle English.
Note:
- Proto-Germanic . German, and already Old and Middle High German, instead of a final "D" used a final "T" . All other old en new Germanic languages have "gad" and this makes it probable that also Proto-Germanic had "*G A D -" , to which of course suffixes were added.
Note:
- Indo-European. Information about possible cognates in other Indo-European languages lacks. We have to limit ourselves to comparing Semitic and Germanic, as so often is the case.
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| Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 24/12/2012 at 16.25.15 |
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