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E 0387 GRAFFITTO
The word " graffitto " is of
Italian source. Its root goes back to Greek .
H 0376 ף ר ג
Concept of root : to scratch
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Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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ף ר ג
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garaph
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to
scratch
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Related English words
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graffitto
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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ף ר ג
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garaph
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to scratch
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g . r . ph
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Italian
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graffiare
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graffiare
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to scratch
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g r . f
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Russian
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царапать
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tsarapatj
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to scratch
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ts . r . p
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Dutch
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krabben
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krabben
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to scratch
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kr . b
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Swedish
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krafsa
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krafsa
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to scratch
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kr . fs
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English
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graffitto
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graffitto
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g r . f
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Modern Hebrew *GARAPH --- *KRAP- Indo-European
First of all it must be pointed out that the similarity in meaning we see in this entry, is not due to a common origin. The verb "garaph" with the meaning "to scratch" is Modern Hebrew only . But it is interesting to read this entry in relation with two others. In Number E 0383 (Hebrew 0377) we see the same root in a fullfledged similarity due to common origin. And in number E 0391 (Hebrew 0374) one finds another similarity with comparable messages .
Comparing with entry E 0391 (Hebrew 0374), we find the following picture:
English to scratch
(mechanically) to scratch (by hand,
nails)
German kratzen kratzen
Italian grattare graffiare
Dutch krassen ,kratsen krabben schrabben
Hebrew garad garaf
Greek kharattein graphein
This shows that there has been a tendency to use , with „K R" or „G R", a dental as third consonant to express harder more mechanical ways of scratching. And a labial to give the less hard manual way of scratching. But German and English have not respected this little rule.
Note:
- Italian "graffiare" is considered to be of Germanic origin, as are many Italian words, that have been absorbed in the Middle Ages during the rule of the Longobards as well as that of the earlier Goths. Thus this verb "graffiare" comes from Longobard "krapfo".
Note:
- Russian. The first consonant, "TS", corresponds to Italian G, according to a very common development. And it also is seen to correspond with Hebrew G. Besides this, one sees that Russian, a language without fear of a series of consonants, yet stays with Hebrew in the use of two vowels between three consonants.
Note:
- Hebrew "garaph" has a rather complicated group of different meanings. One of them is this modern one of "to scratch", but used especially for the mechanical kind. The words we show in this entry may all be related to the basic concept of "action of the human hand". Hebrew " ף כ,
kaph " is the common word for "human hand" or "palm of the hand", which also means the hand in an active, working position.There is another word for "hand, that is not linked to its direct activity: "ד י , yad" that we believe in itself related to the English word "hand". This is seen in entry E 0418 (Hebrew 1038).
Note:
- Proto-Semitic.. This root is present in Aramaic "ג ר ף, geraph" . There is a cognate in Arabic "jarafa = he swept away, shoveled". This root was probably in use already in Proto-Semitic: "*ג ר ף, G R P".
Note:
- Dutch .The Dutch verb "krabben" has also the iterative form "krabbelen". These two verbs seem to have no direct sisters in the other Germanic languages, except in Swedish "krafsa". Low German "krabben" has even been loaned from Dutch farmer immigrants in Prussia.
Note:
- Proto-Germanic . The evidence is rather limited, but if we take into account that in Swedish "krafsa" both the "S" and the final A" are not part of the root, there may have been a Proto-Germanic "*KR A PH-", very similar in root to Hebrew.
Note:
- Indo-European. A hypothesis on the basis of Germanic and Slavic (Russian) only would lead to "*KR Ā P-".
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