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E 0320 FAR
The word " far " is of Germanic origin .
H 0720 ש ר
פ
Concept of root : going
away
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Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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ש ר פ
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parash;
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perash
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to keep off, abstain, separate;
to withdraw, retire, sail
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Related English words
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far
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Comparison between European words and Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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ש ר פ
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parash;
-
-
perash
-
-
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to keep off, abstain, separate;
to withdraw, retire, sail
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p . r . sh
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Greek
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περα
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pera
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further (away)
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p . r
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Old Indian
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para
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para
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away
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p . r .
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English
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far
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far
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f . r
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Old English
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feorr
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far
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f . r
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Middle Dutch
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verren, varren
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verren,
varren
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to go away
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v . r
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Old High German
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ferren
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ferren
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to (make) go away
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f . r
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Middle High German
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verren, entverren
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verren, entverren
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to (make) go away
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v . r
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German
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entfernen;
fern
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entfernen;
fern
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to remove, take away;
far
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f . r (n)
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Hebrew PERASH < Proto-Semitic *PERASH --- *FÈR Proto-Germanic < *PÈR Indo-European
In Hebrew there are many roots beginning with PR that deal with the subject of separation, ending a position, or as in this case, "going away". It is in the nature of Hebrew, a language that desires to have three consonants in each root ( and mostly has them ) to add a third one, either without changing the message or, more often, diversifying it. Here we have a root "P R SH", and even this three-consonant combination is also used for other meanings, as "to declare, explain" and "horseman, saddle horse" as in entry E 0679 (Hebrew 0721).
In modern Hebrew a form with two vowels E, "peresh", is used with comparable meanings. This form is different from the usual basic one, which is "parash", as well as from the intensive form "perash". It does not correspond with the standard main verbal forms.
Note:
- Proto-Semitic. The root P R SH , with a rather vast range of related meanings, is seen in Aramaic and Syriac "פ ר ש, perash". Further in Akkadian "parāshu = to separate". Among the meanings there are "to keep off, keep aloof, abstain". The message indicated in this entry is not identical but goes a step further, "to go away, leave, retire". This seems a specific Hebrew development, perhaps from Post Biblical Hebrew onwards. It is semantically related to the Indo European words of this entry. Therefore an in itself justified hypothesis for Proto-Semitic "*פ ר ש, parash, P R SH", that was certainly present in the old language, does not without doubt cover all specific senses of this entry .
Note:
- Hebrew and Dutch. Perhaps by accident, this Hebrew verb uses exceptionally the same vowel E we see in the Middle Dutch verb "verren" and that has remained in the modern Dutch adverb and adjective "ver" for English "far". The verb is out of use.
Note:
- Dutch. The basic message of the Dutch root "ver" is that of "not near", not necessarily that of "far off", though it has developed in this sense in modern language, like in English. In Old English there was "feor" for "far".
Note:
- German shows an interesting development. Old High German is still both intransitive (go away) and "transitive (make go away). Modern German has become transitive alone.
Note:
- Proto-Germanic. The first consonant is usually "F", and the "V" in Dutch and Middle Low German is a specific deviation of the rule. This is reinforced by the adverbia in Old Norse "ferro", Gothic "fairra", Old Saxon "fer" and Old English "feor". The second consonant is always "R". The used vowel varies, but East Germanic (Gothic) has its "AI" instead of "E" and Middle English hesitated, adding "far" to "fer". Proto-Germanic probably had "*F È R".
Note:
- Greek "περα , pera" sometimes is seen as related to "far". It really has a comparative meaning, like English "further" and also "in front of". Therefore we mention it, inserting it into the table above. There is also "περαν , peran = beyond".
Note:
- Indo-European. The existing hypothesis is "*P È R-", that seems right. Besides Greek and Germanic there is Old Indian "para- = further", Hittite "para = further", Armenian "heri = far". Old Irish in "ire = beyond" as usual has eliminated the initial consonant " P ".
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| Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 20/11/2012 at 11.06.38 |
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