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E 0502 (TO)
KINDLE
The verb " to kindle " is of Germanic origin .
H 0750 ח ד
ק
Concept of root : to
light a fire
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Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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ח ד ק
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qadagh
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to
light a fire
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Related English words
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to
kindle
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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ח ד ק
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qadagh
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to light a fire
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q . d . gh
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Latin
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incendere
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inkendere
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to light a fire
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c . nd
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English
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to kindle
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to light a fire
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k . nd
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Old Norse
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kynda
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kinda
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to light a fire
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k . nd
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Proto-Semitic *QADAGH < QAD --- *KĂD Indo-European
There is in this Hebrew root a third consonant, GH, that is not present in the other tongues. But there is also another Hebrew root, that says "to burn" : "
י
ק
ד ". Consequently the essential message bearing part lies in the two consonants "Q D", that corrispond to the "K D" in "kindle" and to "C D" in "incendere".
English expresses the aspect of "to light" by the iterative form, recognizable by the last part, "-le". In fact Middle English had "kindelen", but Old Norse did not have this iterative "-el". Hebrew uses a third consonant GH for that function. Latin instead has chosen to use a prefix "IN-".
Hebrew uses an identical, but unrelated root for the condept of "to bore, drill. This goes presumably back to Proto-Semitic.
Note:
- Latin, as said, has used a prefix " IN- " to indicate the meaning of "to light". The basic verb was "candeo, candére" with the meaning of "to glow brightly, shine" that originally was especially seen from fire, before there were man-made lamps of any kind. Adding the prefix apparently led to the change from "A" into "E" of the vowel between the consonants of the root "C . ND". Of course Latin had also the sister verb "accendo" with comparable meaning.
Note:
- Germanic has some other words for "to light (a fire)", such as German " anzünden =
to light", from "zünden = to burn", with a system like Latin. Gothic had "tundnan = to burn"
and "tandnan = to light". The same root is seen in Swedish "tända" for " to light", This can be recognized in the composed word that travelled all over the world by swallow flight, in "Svala tändstickor" or "lighting sticks", that are "matches". There are more, like Middle High German "zinnen = to glow" and
Dutch "zinderen" an intensive form saying "to glow strongly". But they are too far in sound
from Hebrew to be considered similar.
Note:
- Proto-Semitic is indicated as having had the same root we see in Hebrew, "*ק ד ח , Q D GH" and that is also present in Aramaic and Syriac "ק ד ח , qedagh = to kindle". We see in Akkadian "qadu" indeed a shorter root "Q D", without the third consonant "GH". So either both versions have lived together for some time, in Proto-Semitic, or the introduction of that third consonant, that also lacks in "to kindle", has taken place later, in West Semitic before this was split up further. Proto-Semitic probably had "*ק ד , Q D", perhaps with a vowel "Ō" or even already "Ī".
Note:
- Indo-European There existed in older Greek an isolated word "kandaros", with a meaning of "charcoal, embers". The etymology is uncertain and we have left it out of our considerations.
Old Indian "kandati = glows brightly, illuminates" recalls the meaning of Latin "candeo", with a related "(s)kandrágh= glowing (brightly)".
Celtic offers less similarity of meaning in Cymric "cann = white, bright". The same root is then used for "moon": Breton "cann". In these words the dental "D" disappeared from the earlier nasalized root.
Indo-European probably had already a nasalized "*K Ă ND" to express the strong glowing and the causative action of lighting such a fire. The non-nasalized form
"*K Ă D- probably existed earlier in Indo-European itself.
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| Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 21/11/2012 at 16.51.20 |
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