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E 0766 SCEADA , SCIEDDAN
The Old English words " sceada
" and " scieddan " are of Germanic origin.
H 0892 ד ד ש ; ד
ש
Concept of root : ravage
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Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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; ד ש
ד ד ש
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shod;
shadad
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ravage
,
to ravage
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Related English words
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Old English sceada , scieddan
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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;ד ש
ד ד ש
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shod;
shadad
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ravage;
to ravage
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sh . d ;
sh . d . d < sh . d
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Greek
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ασκηθης
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askèthès
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undamaged
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sk . th
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Old English
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sceada
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damage
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sc . d
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Gothic
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skadis ;
skadjan
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skadis;
skadhyan
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damage, wrong
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sk . d
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German
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schaden
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shaden
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to damage
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sh . d
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Proto-Semitic *SHOD, *SHAD --- *SKĀD- Indo-European
Ravaging is stronger dan damaging, but the difference is gradual. The Gothic word is a good indication, while it links wrongdoing , injustice and injury to damaging. Further on in Germanic languages the message of this root was widened to that of damages in general, noy only the kind of damage inflicted by someone’s violence. The common origin seems highly probable.
Note:
- Greek "askèthès" is found in Homer, and considered a composed word with an intial denying A and the principal root meaning "damage". There is also a verb "σκεδαννυμι , skedannümi" and says "to disperse, break into pieces", with a root "S K D", but this is a bit too far to say it is directly related.
Note:
- Proto-Semitic. The root "ש ד ד, SH D D" is found in various Semitic languages, but we lack evidence about the precise meaning of this entry as found in Hebrew. Inevitably there was an older root "*ש ד , SH D" or "*ש ו ד , SH W D". It may well have carried the meaning found in Hebrew also in the two-consonant noun "ש ד , SH . D, shod = havoc, devastation".
Note:
- Proto-Germanic. Besides the words mentioned in the table, from older languages one finds the nouns Old Saxon "skatho", Old High German "scado", Old English "sceað", Old Norse "skaði ". Proto-Germanic probably used "*SK Ā D-".
Note:
- Indo-European. Besides Germanic and Greek we have a hypothesis for Celtic "*skat-", but the covered meaning might be too different, like Old Irish "scathaim = to maim, cripple". The basis is narrow but not absent for a hypothesis of Indo-European "*SK Ā D-". The Greek "È" may have developed out of an earlier " Ā ".
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| Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: Thursday 7 February 2013 at 16.05.16 |
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