|
GD 1042 DOGEN
H 0981 ה ג ו ת
Concept of root : sadness
|
Hebrew word
|
pronunciation
|
English meanings
|
|
ה ג ו ת
|
tugą
|
sadness
|
|
|
|
Related English words
|
none
|
|
|
Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
|
Languages
|
Words
|
Pronunciation
|
English meanings
|
Similarity in roots
|
|
Hebrew
|
ה ג ו ת
|
tugą
|
sadness
|
t (u) g .
|
|
Middle Dutch
|
dogen, doegen
|
doghen
;
doeghen
|
to suffer, be sad
|
d (o) gh ;
d (u) gh
|
Hebrew *TUGÀ --- *DŌG- Proto-Germanic
The two words of this entry are rather lonely fellows. In Hebrew a root "T W G" is not found in other words and "T . G ." seems not present in any word with a meaning that could be related. Perhaps the only to come near it is "
ד
א
ג , da’ag", that stands for "worry, fear". Of course it also has the form "do’čg" for "being worried" . But this is insufficient to consider it related. Sadness comes sometimes with worry, but is not the same thing.
Dutch is once more the only language that apparently has conserved an old root/message combination that is still found in Hebrew as well.
This noun "tugą" is considered as having been derived from the verb "yagą" , that certainly may be related, but is then wrongly seen as meaning "to suffer". This verb is mentioned in entry GR 1126 (Hebrew 1043) and it is found in the intensive form "yiggą" where it has a causative message : "to afflict, make suffer". It has its own noun in "yagon".
Anyhow, if the T of "tugą" is a prefix to the root of "yagą", there is no common origin with Middle Dutch. Interesting remains that "yagą" in all probability has been "wagą", and this would explain more clearly the U-sound in "tugą".
Note:
- Middle Dutch "dogen", in modern language, besides in some dialects, is out of use. Only the verb "gedogen" lives on with the message of "to suffer without reacting" and consequently "to allow". Verbs with the prefix "ge-" in German and Dutch, like those with "ga-" in Gothic, often indicate a continuity of the action or of the lived situation. Interesting is a new formula for a government with parliamentary support by a party that has no representatives in the government itself: today in Holland such a government has "gedoogsteun" from that specific party.
The original message of the root is that of sadness, not as some think, that of "to be able to endure", that is expressed in an Old Saxon verb "adogian", probably through the prefix A . For Dutch readers it should be pointed out that the transitive verbs "dogen" and "gedogen" have no relation with the intransitive verb "deugen" that says "to be valid, good", although that verb was mostly also pronounced with a vowel O in Middle Dutch.
Note:
- English no more uses the root of this entry . Old English had "dugen" for that other meaning
of "to be valid, good".
Note:
- Proto-Semitic. We lack information for a hypothesis for Proto-Semitic different from Hebrew. This is also the case for "yag'ą" that is mentioned in the text as possible source for "tugą".
Note:
- Proto-Germanic. Besides the words mentioned in the table, there is Old Frisian "dēya = to support", related to suffering. It is probable that Proto-Germanic had "*D Ō G-" with the meaning of suffering and supporting that suffering.
Note:
- Indo-European.We have no information about possible cognates in other Indo-European branches. The comparison remains between Germanic and Hebrew.
|
|
|
| Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 11/12/2012 at 17.33.09 |
|