E 0436          (TO)  HEAT

The verb " to heat " is of Germanic origin .

H 1072         ת צ י

Concept of root :  heating

 Hebrew word

pronunciation

English meanings

 ת צ י

yatsat

 to make burn

Related English words

 to heat

Comparison between European words and Hebrew

Languages

Words

Pronunciation

English meanings

Similarity in roots

Hebrew

ת צ י

yatsat

to make burn

 y . ts . t

English

to heat

to heat

h . t

German

hetzen ;

-

heizen

Hitze; heiss

hetsen ;

-

heitsen

hitse; heis

to set on, inflame ;

to heat ;

heat ; hot

h . ts

Dutch

hitsen ;

-

hitsig ;

hitte ;heet

hĭtsen ;

-

hĭtsĕgh ;

hĭttĕ  ;hét

to set on, inflame;

fiery ;

heat ;hot

h . ts ;

h . t

Swedish

hetsa ;

-

hetsig ;

hetta ; het

hètsa

-

hetsiy;

hètta; hét

to set on , inflame ;

fiery ;

heat ; hot

h . ts

h . t

 

 

Proto-Semitic *WATSAT < *TSAT --- *HĒT-, *HĬT-; *HĬTS- Proto-Germanic

 

 

This entry shows us an example of a Germanic initial H corresponding with a Hebrew Y or possibly W . The English verb " to heat " compared with the other Germanic languages, covers the various meanings that we see referred to for two different forms of roots : with TS or with T .

 

A comparison shows that the German H corresponds with the Hebrew Y . Besides this, Hebrew has a third consonant that is not present in the German verb, though this can be due to a doubling. The similarity is rather limited, but still too interesting not to be mentioned in this list.

 

Words regarding "heat" usually have a wide range of figurative and metaphorical applications.

 

Note:
  • Hebrew. The first consonant, " Y " is a later addition or prefix, as there is also a verb without it : " צ ו ת , tsot " that means "to light, to burn ". This does not alter the fact that the later added prefix " W ", that after this changed into " Y " may correspond to a Germanic " H ". A verb " צ ת ת" in Modern Hebrew "tsatat" , but based upon an Aramaic "tsatet" , with the second consonant doubled, says "to kindle".

 

Note:
  • Proto-Semitic , in harmony with the remarks in the note on Hebrew, is seen with a root " * צ ת , TS . T ". This is also seen in Akkadian . But there probably also was already the prefixed "* ו צ ת, W TS T". It is hard to say if the change into "* י צ ת, Y TS T " has begun in Proto_Semitic.

 

Note:
  • German uses this verb "hetzen" also for the putting up of game, but there is no indication that this would be an original meaning . Nor should it have any relation with the word " hassen = to hate ", as some think. Instead it may be seen well related to English "heat, to heat" and Dutch "hitte = heat ; verhitten = to heat up". The adjective "heiss = hot" has kept only the S-sound, forgetting the T. But in Old High German this still was "heits".

 

Note:
  • Dutch as more often clears up a few things. The adjective "hitsig" makes clear that the original meaning is that of heating up, litterally or figuratively . The figurative meaning has kept the TS one finds in Hebrew and German, the literal one has only the T as seen in English.

 

Note:
  • Swedish makes a clear distinction between the figurative meaning with TS and the literal one with TT.

 

Note:
  • Proto-Germanic .

     

    There is a hypothesis of "*khaitaz = hot". The initial "KH" is a generally accepted idea, based on the felt necessity to link Germanic " H " to a possible " K " in other groups. As shown in our chapter regarding The Myth of Hundred, entries (Hebrew 0001_aa11) and (Hebrew 0001_aa12), the number of cases in which a Germanic " H " corresponds with a Latin " C (K)" is very limited. There is no basis in this to suppose important general rules. As to the possible older "KH", the " H " is all present in Germanic tongues, older and newer, and it probably was there in Proto-Germanic.

     

    Factual heating. All older languages have an initial " H " and a second consonant " T ". The vowel between the two is often " Ē ", sometimes it has become " EI " as in German "heiss and its predecessors. Old English has "hætu" and English "to heat ; hot". For "heat" a vowel " I ", long or short, is frequent. Proto-Germanic probably had the forms "*H Ē T-" as well as "*H Ĭ T-".

     

    Figurative heating . The relative Germanic words with "TS" obviously have no relation to animal sounds nor to the sounds with which one chases off animals. Their root is related to the "H T" for "heat". The forms with double "SS" are a normal development towards an easier pronunciation. But a more general opinion is that Middle High German "hetzen = to chase, instigate (literal meaning!)" has its origin in a Gothic"hatjan" based on a root related to "to hate". Yet the feeling of "hatred" has nothing to at all to do with that of "to incite, instigate (figurative meaning!"). If we then look at Old English "hettan = to chase, persecute" we also see "hetan = to attack", of which the verb with double "T" may be an intensive form. We do not see the meaning of "incitement, instigation". The Dutch verb "hitsen" has not been loaned from German, different from the noun "hetze" that is used without change in spelling or meaning, in fact loaned from German "Hetze". Dutch "hitsen" is either a separate Dutch development, that shows a kind of similarity with Hebrew or a very old form that has been maintained, as often is the case in Dutch. It has cognates in Norwegian "hisse", Swedish "hetsa", Middle High German "hetzen, hessen", Middle Low German "hitzen, hissen, hessen" . Proto-Germanic presumably had a form "*H Ĭ TS-".

 

Note:
  • Indo-European As a cognate has been proposed Lithuanian "kaisti = to become hot". This is very uncertain and does not warrant a hypothesis for Indo-European.

     

    There seem to be no further indications of possible cognates in other branches of Indo-European. The comparison remains between Semitic and Germanic.

 

 

 

 
"...the town, to which was given the name Babel, because it was there that the Lord confused the language of all the world on the face of which He dispersed them. GENESIS 11,9"
 
Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 18/12/2012 at 17.38.32